In Sir Ken Robinson's TED presentation on our Education Crisis, he made an important point. It is a sad fact--but a fact just the same--that a large percentage of teachers don't know how to enable effective learning. This is true from grade school through graduate school. In fact, it is probably more true of subect matter experts (SMEs) than for anyone else.
The typical classroom is dominated by a death-by-lecture approach to teaching, often accompanied by stupor-inducing slides, whether PowerPointŪ or Apple's Keynote. And in the case of children, if a child becomes totally bored by the droning of the instructor and dares to become restless, that child will be seen as having Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and drugged into complacency so as not to be disruptive in the classroom.
There is also the notion that adults learn differently than children, so we have a field called andragogy, in contrast to pedagogy. I consider this to be nonsense, and I know I will greatly offend the believers in andragogy. So be it. As Samuel Clemmons (writing as Mark Twain) once said, "The trouble with people is not that they don't know, but that they know so much that isn't true." Right on!
The essence of learning is quite simple. Human beings learn by doing. This is true of content learning, but even more so for learning skills. Even a subject such as math is learned by sitting down and working through problems.